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61.
P. Petrusevics J.A.T. Bye V. Fahlbusch J. Hammat D.R. Tippins E. van Wijk 《Continental Shelf Research》2009
Conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) observations taken in the Great Australian Bight (GAB) during ORV Franklin cruise Fr 07/94 in July 1994 indicated the presence of a dense bottom layer at the head of the GAB, which flowed along the sea floor towards the shelf-break as a gravity current The north central region of the GAB was stratified with a maximum salinity difference of between 0.4 and 0.5. The outflow was confined to the shelf and was directed in a south-easterly direction with little evidence of cross-shelf transport. The flow exhibited a well-defined bottom interface evident from the head of the GAB to near the mouth of Spencer Gulf (SG), where the surface-bottom salinity difference was about 0.3. The mean thickness of the outflow was about 15 m. An estimate of the speed of the outflow at the discharge over the shelf-break was made using the zero entrainment assumption. This yielded a speed of <16 cm s−1, which remarkably was consistent with near bottom current meter measurements (16 cm s−1) on the continental shelf edge, reported south of the Eyre Peninsula. A mass budget analysis indicated that the outflow, which probably is partially maintained by the gravity current and partly by a wind-driven circulation would exist over the period, July–December, with a peak transport of about 106 m3s−1 (1 Sverdrup) which is approximately twenty times that of the bottom outflow from the adjoining Spencer Gulf. 相似文献
62.
63.
Ground velocity records of the 20 May 2016 Petermann Ranges earthquake are used to calculate its centroid-moment-tensor in the 3?D heterogeneous Earth model AuSREM. The global-centroid-moment-tensor reported a depth of 12?km, which is the shallowest allowed depth in the algorithm. Solutions from other global and local agencies indicate that the event occurred within the top 12?km of the crust, but the locations vary laterally by up to 100?km. We perform a centroid-moment-tensor inversion through a spatiotemporal grid search in 3?D allowing for time shifts around the origin time. Our 3?D grid encompasses the locations of all proposed global solutions. The inversion produces an ensemble of solutions that constrain the depth, lateral location of the centroid, and strike, dip and rake of the fault. The centroid location stands out with a clear peak in the correlation between real and synthetic data for a depth of 1?km at longitude 129.8° and latitude –25.6°. A collection of acceptable solutions at this centroid location, produced by different time shifts, constrain the fault strike to be 304?±?4° or 138?±?1°. The two nodal planes have dip angles of 64?±?5° and 26?±?4° and rake angles of 96?±?2° and 77?±?5°, respectively. The southwest-dipping nodal plane with the dip angle of 64° could be seen as part of a near vertical splay fault system at the end of the Woodroffe Thrust. The other nodal plane could be interpreted as a conjugate fault rupturing perpendicular to the splay structure. We speculate that the latter is more likely, since the hypocentres reported by several agencies, including the Geoscience Australia, as well as the majority of aftershocks are all located to the northeast of our preferred centroid location. Our best estimate for the moment magnitude of this event is 5.9. The optimum centroid is located on the 20?km surface rupture caused by the earthquake. Given the estimated magnitude, the long surface rupture requires only ~4?km of rupture down dip, which is in agreement with the shallow centroid depth we obtained. 相似文献
64.
中原邙山黄土与末次间冰期以来古季风特征 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
中原邙山赵下峪剖面出露S10以上黄土地层,厚度大于172.1m。末次间冰期S1古土壤厚15.7m,末次冰期L1黄土厚达77.3m,其中晚冰阶L1LL1黄土、间冰阶L1SS1古土壤和早冰阶L1LL2黄土分别厚41.6m、13.2 m和22.5 m。邙山黄土是厚度最大的晚更新世黄土地层剖面之一,记录了丰富的气候环境变化信息。用SPECMAP氧同位素曲线确定的阶段界限的日历年龄为标定点和磁化率年龄模式,获得相应的时间标尺,据以计算出S2以上各层段的平均沉积速率和分辨率。邙山黄土倒数第二间冰期以来不同冰期或冰阶与间冰期或冰阶的粒度、平均沉积速率和分辨率有很大的差异,其中以末次冰期晚冰阶L1LL1黄土的平均沉积速率为最高,达3.45 mm/a,而末次问冰期S1古土壤的沉积速率亦高达0.28 mm/a。本文主要根据赵下峪剖面的磁化率和>45μm粗颗粒含量变化曲线,并与格陵兰GRIP冰心和深海SPECMAP氧同位素曲线对比,讨论末次间冰期以来古季风特征及其相互关系。 相似文献
65.
三门峡地区末次盛冰期至全新世早期的古季风事件 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
通过三门峡地区小刘寺剖面黄土- 古土壤序列磁化率曲线和粗颗粒组分含量曲线的研究,发现它们分别指示的夏季风和冬季风变迁在末次冰消期向全新世转变时的新仙女木事件中显示不同的变化特征。夏季风的加强过程对应于冬季风的大幅度波动,气候为凉湿背景上的冷湿与暖湿振荡。冰后期的早期为全新世第一暧期。夏季风强盛对应于冬季风衰弱的湿暖气候,它由夏季风锋面降水的穿时性所决定,在华北地区为全新世适宜期。8 kaBP 前后为夏季风偏弱对应于冬季风偏强的干冷气候,是具有普遍意义的全新世第一冷期。这3 次古季风事件可与格陵兰冰芯记录进 相似文献
66.
Distribution of Rb and Sr in the Luochuan loess- paleosol sequence of China during the last 800 ka 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The concentrations of Rb and Sr, and magnetic susceptibility in loess and paleosol samples from the Luochum profile have been
measured. The loess units deposited in different geological periods display a very similar pattern of Rb and Sr distribution
while paleosol units exhibit a dramatic increase in the Rb/Sr ratio, ranging from 20% to 120% in increase amplitude. Owing
to different geochemical behavior of the two elements, Rb appears to be immobile while Sr appears to be mobile in the processes
of weathering and pedogenesis. So variations of the Rb/Sr ratio in the loess-paleosol sequences could reflect intensities
of weathering and pedogenesis, thus recording the relative wind strength of the East Asian summer monsoon circulation. This
could be supported by the high degree of cornlation between the Rb/Sr ratio and the magnetic susceptibility. A continuous
record of the Rb/Sr ratio in the Luochuan profile over the last 800 ka bears a striking resemblance to the δ18 O curve of the deep sea sediments and is in accordance with the SPECMAP chronology. Such similarity between the terrestrial
and the deep sea records suggests that variability in global ice volume is a primary dynamic factor controlling long-term
changes of the East Asian summer monsoon intensity.
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 49725307). 相似文献
67.
68.
中原末次冰期间冰阶以来的古季风气候变迁 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
中原邙山黄土地层以巨厚的马兰黄土为特色。本文研究了末次冰期间冰阶以来邙山黄土-古土壤序列的粗颗粒含量和磁化率值曲线反映的冬夏季风变迁及其相互关系,发现在万年尺度上夏季风增强对应于冬季风减弱,冬季风增强对应于夏季风减弱,但在千年尺度上冬季风变化比夏季风强烈得多,而且末次间冰段开始时冬季风减弱明显早于夏季风增强。通过中原黄土记录与深海及冰芯O同位素记录的对比,发现短时间尺度气候变化阶段明显具有很大的区域性特征,它们不能简单地进行等时性全球对比,而应该通过各自独立的时间标尺来建立古气候变化的远距离联系。 相似文献
69.
Fincher R 《The Australian geographer》1998,29(1):31-47
"I focus on urban environments and on immigration as that segment of population growth often viewed as having certain effects on cities. The paper argues for a reframing of narratives linking population and urban environments, so that both immigrant-led population growth and the condition of urban environments in Australia can be understood as the product of the political and economic interpretations being made of the nation's internationalisation, which in turn has consequences for diversity amongst places and peoples." 相似文献
70.
Xiaodong Lai Kazuhiro Norisuye Michi Mikata Tomoharu Minami Andrew R. Bowie Yoshiki Sohrin 《Marine Chemistry》2008,111(3-4):171-183
The distribution of dissolved (D) and acid-dissolvable (AD) Fe, Ni, Cu and Pb in the upper water column (0–300 m depth) was determined in the Australian sector of the Southern Ocean (140°E meridian) during three cruises conducted between November 2001 and March 2002. For Ni and Cu, there was no significant difference in concentration between dissolved and acid-dissolvable species. DNi and DCu showed significant (P = 0.01) positive correlations with silicate, phosphate and nitrate, reflecting their strong nutrient-type behaviour. For Fe and Pb, the acid-dissolvable concentration mostly exceeded the dissolved concentration, reflecting the importance of labile particulate species for these elements. DPb decreased between January and February in the Polar Frontal Zone and in Antarctic continental shelf water. ADPb maxima occurred in the Antarctic Zone, resulting in a maximum AD/D ratio of 7. The mean DFe concentration in the surface mixed layer was 0.3 nM in the sub-Antarctic zone, 0.4 nM in the Polar Frontal Zone, 0.5 nM in the Antarctic Zone and increased southward beyond the Antarctic Divergence and towards the continent. DFe did not show a clear temporal change in its horizontal distribution, which was in contrast to the other nutrients and trace metals. ADFe substantially increased in Antarctic continental shelf water where the AD/D ratio reached 11. The following conclusions can be drawn from these data. (1) Ni and Cu exist exclusively as dissolved species and their distributions are mainly controlled by their biogeochemical cycling, similar to those of the major nutrients. (2) Pb is dominated by particulate species. The distribution of DPb is temporally and spatially variable due to a sporadic source and strong scavenging. (3) DFe is rather a minor fraction of total Fe in Antarctic continental shelf water where shelf sediments and Antarctic sea-ice appear to be strong sources for Fe. There is substantial temporal variation in the supply of Fe to the upper water column. DFe in the mixed layer of the open Southern Ocean is maintained at low concentrations throughout summer due to uptake by phytoplankton and scavenging. 相似文献